Hardness Amplification and Error Correction -- Optimal Error Correction Against Computationally Bounded Noise -- Hardness Amplification of Weakly Verifiable Puzzles -- On Hardness Amplification of One-Way Functions -- Graphs and Groups -- Cryptography in Subgroups of -- Efficiently Constructible Huge Graphs That Preserve First Order Properties of Random Graphs -- Simulation and Secure Computation -- Comparing Two Notions of Simulatability -- Relaxing Environmental Security: Monitored Functionalities and Client-Server Computation -- Handling Expected Polynomial-Time Strategies in Simulation-Based Security Proofs -- Security of Encryption -- Adaptively-Secure, Non-interactive Public-Key Encryption -- Adaptive Security of Symbolic Encryption -- Chosen-Ciphertext Security of Multiple Encryption -- Steganography and Zero Knowledge -- Public-Key Steganography with Active Attacks -- Upper and Lower Bounds on Black-Box Steganography -- Fair-Zero Knowledge -- Secure Computation I -- How to Securely Outsource Cryptographic Computations -- Secure Computation of the Mean and Related Statistics -- Keyword Search and Oblivious Pseudorandom Functions -- Secure Computation II -- Evaluating 2-DNF Formulas on Ciphertexts -- Share Conversion, Pseudorandom Secret-Sharing and Applications to Secure Computation -- Toward Privacy in Public Databases -- Quantum Cryptography and Universal Composability -- The Universal Composable Security of Quantum Key Distribution -- Universally Composable Privacy Amplification Against Quantum Adversaries -- A Universally Composable Secure Channel Based on the KEM-DEM Framework -- Cryptographic Primitives and Security -- Sufficient Conditions for Collision-Resistant Hashing -- The Relationship Between Password-Authenticated Key Exchange and Other Cryptographic Primitives -- On the Relationships Between Notions of Simulation-Based Security -- Encryption and Signatures -- A New Cramer-Shoup Like Methodology for Group Based Provably Secure Encryption Schemes -- Further Simplifications in Proactive RSA Signatures -- Proof of Plaintext Knowledge for the Ajtai-Dwork Cryptosystem -- Information Theoretic Cryptography -- Entropic Security and the Encryption of High Entropy Messages -- Error Correction in the Bounded Storage Model -- Characterizing Ideal Weighted Threshold Secret Sharing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second Theory of Cryptography Conference, TCC 2005, held in Cambridge, MA, USA in February 2005. The 32 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 84 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on hardness amplification and error correction, graphs and groups, simulation and secure computation, security of encryption, steganography and zero knowledge, secure computation, quantum cryptography and universal composability, cryptographic primitives and security, encryption and signatures, and information theoretic cryptography.