and Risk Assessment Methods: Environmental Hazard Impact -- Effects of Mining Activities on Water around the Çanakkale Plain, Turkey -- Development of a Decision Support System for Wastewater Reuse in the Middle East -- Wastewater Treatment in the Mediterranean Countries -- Risk/Cost Analysis of Sustainable Management of Wastewater for Irrigation: Supply Chain Approach -- Direct Osmosis Technique: New Approach to Wastewater Reuse in Uzbekistan -- Wastewater Reuse—Case Studies -- Wastewater Management, Treatment, and Reuse in Israel -- Soil Aquifer Treatment Areas in Tunisia: Jerba Island -- Wastewater Use in Jordan: An Introduction -- Municipal Water Reuse in Tucson, Arizona, USA -- Current Risk Management Practices—Developed Countries -- Dairy Wastewater Treatment with Effective Microorganisms and Duckweed for Pollutants and Pathogen Control -- Optimization of Treatment Train for Water Reuse Schemes in the Czech Republic -- Risk Assessment/International Conflicts -- Ranking of Ecological Risks Related to Wastewater Management -- Risk Assessment of Wastewater Contaminated with Radionuclides Using Arabidopsis thaliana L. Plants -- Multicriteria Decision-Making Tool for Optimal Water Resource Management -- Risk-Based Decision Support of Water Resource Management Alternatives -- Risk Assessment Methods: Hazard Impact of Treatment Methods -- Assessment of Three Wastewater Treatment Plants in Turkey -- Pollution Potential of the Shallow Aquifers in Jordan -- Efficiency of Oxidation Ponds for Wastewater Treatment in Egypt -- Combining Wastewater Irrigation with Desalination: A Multidisciplinary Approach -- Risk Assessment: Economic and Managerial Aspects -- Wastewater Reuse, Risk Assessment, Decision-Making—A Three-Ended Narrative Subject -- Guidelines for Irrigation Management of Saline Waters are Overly Conservative -- Pricing of Water and Effluent in a Sustainable Salt Regime in Israel -- Regional Planning of Wastewater Reuse for Agricultural Irrigation and River Rehabilitation -- Risk Assessment/National Policy Making Interface -- Sewerage Infrastructure: Fuzzy Techniques to Manage Failures -- Guidelines for Good Practice of Water Reuse for Irrigation: Portuguese Standard NP 4434 -- Farmers' Demand for Recycled Water in Cyprus: A Contingent Valuation Approach -- Evaluating the World New Health Organization's 2006 Health Guidelines for Wastewater -- Current Risk Management Practices -- New Standards for Treated Wastewater Reuse in Israel -- Wastewater Reuse in Israel – Risk Assessment -- Life Cycle Assessment, a Decision-Making Tool in Wastewater Treatment Facilities -- Radiation-Thermal Purification of Wastewater from Oil Pollution -- Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Fecal Enterococcus in Coastal Waters of Puerto Rico -- Effects of Wastewater Irrigation on Chemical, Microbiological and Virological Status of Soil -- Quantitative Risk Assessment and Policy Making–Impact on Soils and Health -- Risk Assessment on Population Health -- Thermal Treatment of Wastewater from Cheese Production in Turkey -- Environmental Aspects of Wastewater Reuse -- Wastewater Reuse in Israel and in the West Bank -- Wastewater Management in Egypt -- Decision-Making and Risk Assessment—International Conflicts -- Health Assessment of Wastewater Reuse in Jordan -- Wastewater Risk Assessment of Polyester Cabins in Egypt -- Removal of Uranium from Wastewater in Turkey -- Wastewater Management and its Sustainable Use in Turkey -- Wastewater Treatment Using New Chelating Grafted Membrane -- The Wastewater Treatment–The Sustainable Development Strategy in Lithuania.

The proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Wastewater Reuse - Risk Assessment, Decision-Making and Environmental Security" , held in Istanbul, Turkey, October 12-16, 2006 will provide information to the readers involved with water management, wastewater, salinity, environmental issues, economists, social workers and insurance groups. The book has information on the current situation of water management in the world and especially the Middle-east and Mediterranean regions; it addresses some of the most difficult international conflicts. Wastewater is a by-product of agricultural, industrial or domestic water use, and can be an environmental hazard causing damage to soil and to water resources. However, as demonstrated in many of the papers, it can also be a benefit if exploited correctly. Papers presented cover in great detail and depth the risk assessment, decision-making approaches and environmental security. Information about design, installation, management of wastewater treatment facilities, and use for saline water are provided by experts from the European Union, UNESCO, World Bank, United States, Canada and other contributing agencies dealing with the water scarcity situation. Forty five (45) selected papers are included in this publication. This is a great contribution added to the advancement of science and technology; it is also hoped that this meeting and publication will foster the creation of professional and personal links among scientists and will stimulate exchange visits and development of cooperative research projects by the participants and the readers. The available materials will help readers to collect any desired information, activate their own program, and seek help from the experts in the field. This ARW, fully funded by NATO, provided the participants a stage to meet 63 people from 20 countries and discuss important issues.