Introduction: Current Issues in Oldowan Research -- Remarks on the Current Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Study of Early Technological Strategies in Eastern Africa -- From Homogeneity to Multiplicity: A New Approach to the Study of Archaic Stone Tools -- An Overview of Some African and Eurasian Oldowan Sites: Evaluation of Hominin Cognition Levels, Technological Advancement and Adaptive Skills -- Early Homo Occupation Near the Gate of Tears: Examining the Paleoanthropological Records of Djibouti and Yemen -- Homo floresiensis and the African Oldowan -- Methodological Considerations in the Study of Oldowan Raw Material Selectivity: Insights from A. L. 894 (Hadar, Ethiopia) -- Variability in Raw Material Selectivity at the Late Pliocene sites of Lokalalei, West Turkana, Kenya -- Oldowan Technology and Raw Material Variability at Kanjera South -- Obsidian exploitation and utilization during the Oldowan at Melka Kunture (Ethiopia) -- Are all Oldowan Sites Palimpsests? If so, what can they tell us about Hominid Carnivory? -- The Environmental Context of Oldowan Hominin Activities at Kanjera South, Kenya.

An understanding of the uniquely human behavior of stone tool making tackles questions about hominins’ ability to culturally transmit and expand their base of social and practical knowledge and their cognitive capacities for advanced planning. The appearance of stone tools has often been viewed as a threshold event, impacting directly and profoundly the later course of cultural and social evolution. Alternatively, it has been understood as a prelude to significant succeeding changes in behavioral, social and biological evolution of hominins. This book presents a series of recent enquiries into the technological and adaptive significance of Oldowan stone tools. While anchored in a long research tradition, these studies rely on recent discoveries and innovative analyses of the archaeological record of ca. 2.6 – 1.0 million years ago in Africa and Eurasia, dealing with the earliest lithic industries as manifestations of hominin adaptations and as expressions of hominin cognitive abilities.