Chinese Population Dynamics and HIV/STD Risk -- Uncertain Population Dynamics and HIV/AIDS in China -- Migration and Gender in China’s HIV/AIDS Epidemic -- China’s Surplus Males and HIV/STD -- China’s Unbalanced Sex Ratio at Birth: How Many Surplus Boys Have Been Born in China Since the 1980s? -- Bare Branches, Prostitution, and HIV in China: A~Demographic Analysis -- HIV/STD Risk in China for Males and Females -- Gender, Migration, and Unprotected Causal and~Commercial Sex: Individual and Social Determinants of HIV and STD Risk Among~Female Migrants -- Heterosexual Male STI/HIV Risk in China -- HIV/AIDS Structural Interventions in China: Concept, Context and Opportunities -- Patterns of Sexually Transmitted Infections in China -- Commercial SexWorker Policies and the Law -- The “Risk Environment” for Commercial Sex Work in China: Considering the Role of Law and Law Enforcement Practices -- Administrative Detention of Prostitutes: The~Legal Aspects -- Decriminalizing SexWork: Implications for HIV Prevention and Control in China.

China’s concentrated HIV epidemic is on the brink of becoming a generalized one and syphilis infection has become a major public health threat. Social factors relating to gender and gender inequality exacerbate the spread of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) in China. A better understanding of the proximate social determinants of HIV related to gender will be crucial to effectively curbing HIV and other STIs in China. Aspects of China’s governance - including administrative procedures, the developing legal system, social institutions, and the public health infrastructure – are instrumental in shaping strategies and responses to HIV. International studies suggest that women who are more economically and socially vulnerable may also have a greater risk of HIV infection, yet few initiatives have focused on discrete areas where achievable and sustainable gender policy measures could be linked to the public health response. This study presents perspectives ranging from criminology to social psychology to better understand how gender perspectives can inform HIV policy in the context of China.