Surgery on the nerve -- The potential of electrical stimulation to promote functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury — comparisons between rats and humans -- Surgical technique for the treatment of C5 and C6 root avulsion -- Lumbosacral plexus lesions -- Microsurgical management of penetrating peripheral nerve injuries: pre, intra-and postoperative analysis and results -- An evaluation using techniques to assess muscle and nerve regeneration of a flexible glass wrap in the repair of peripheral nerves -- Analysis of the dose-response of N-acetylcysteine in the prevention of sensory neuronal loss after peripheral nerve injury -- Did the partial contralateral C7-transfer fulfil our expectations? Results after 5 year experience -- Bridging defects: autologous nerve grafts -- The allogenic nerve graft -- Alternative techniques for peripheral nerve repair: conduits and end-to-side neurorrhaphy -- The beneficial effect of genetically engineered Schwann cells with enhanced motility in peripheral nerve regeneration: review -- Schwann cells, acutely dissociated from a predegenerated nerve trunk, can be applied into a matrix used to bridge nerve defects in rats -- Comparative neuro tissue engineering using different nerve guide implants -- The “bioartificial living nerve graft”. -- Nerve regeneration using tubular scaffolds from biodegradable Polyurethane -- A new technique of autogenous conduits for bridging short nerve defects. An experimental study in the rabbit -- End-to-side nerve neurorrhaphy: critical appraisal of experimental and clinical data -- Ingrowth of sensory axons into an end-to-side coapted nerve stump after donor nerve crush in the rat -- Which myelinated sensory axons sprout into an end-to-side coapted peripheral nerve in the rat? -- Functional recovery and mechanisms in end-to-side nerve repair in rats -- Synergistic terminal motor end-to-side nerve graft repair: investigation in a non-human primate model -- End-to-side coaptation — controversial research issue or important tool in human patients -- Cerebral plasticity -- Cortical reintegration of a replanted hand and an osseointegrated thumb prosthesis -- Cortical motor activation patterns following hand transplantation and replantation -- Coordinated function oriented movements after multiple root avulsion -- Enhanced sensory relearning after nerve repair by using repeated forearm anaesthesia: aspects on time dynamics of treatment -- Enhanced sensory re-learning after nerve repair using 3D audio-visual signals and kinaesthesia — preliminary results -- Compression and irritation syndromes -- Anatomical structures to provide passive motility of peripheral nerve trunks and fascicles -- Critical review of pathophysiologic mechanisms in thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) -- TOS-surgery via a single supraclavicular incision -- Thoracic outlet syndrome: a multidisciplinary problem with a perspective for microsurgical management without rib resection -- Neurosurgical prevention of ulceration and amputation by decompression of lower extremity peripheral nerves in diabetic neuropathy: update 2006 -- Muscle -- IMF®-Therapy (Intention controlled Myo-Feedback) — an innovative method in the treatment of peripheral nerve lesions -- In peripheral nerve regeneration environment enriched with activity stimulating factors improves functional recovery -- Cognitive re-education and early functional mobilisation in hand therapy after bilateral hand transplantation and heterotopic hand replantation — two case reports -- Functional, morphological and biomolecular assessment of posttraumatic neuro-muscular recovery in the rat forelimb model -- Surgery on muscles in consequence of peripheral nerve lesions.

All over the world research is going on to improve the outcome of the treatment of peripheral nerve lesions. Questions over questions arise. Is the autologeous nerve grafting still the golden standard in bridging defects? Have alternative techniques to overcome defects reached a level to replace autografting? To which length are they effective? What is the role of allografting? Are there still indications for vascularized nerve grafts? What can be expected from end to side coaptation? Does it exist at all? Under what conditions useful recoveries can be achieved? Are there new developments in physical medicine and physiotherapy? Can the quality of recovery be influenced by surgery on muscles to provide a better equilibrium of forces? To what extent cerebral plasticity may be exploited to improve functional results? The contributions in this book give answers to all of these questions.